高速列车服役模拟建模与计算方法研究

高速铁路的出现, 使得轮轨交通技术达到更高的层次.速度提升不仅对列车的牵引动力与动力学性能提出更高要求. 而且,列车与线路、气流等运行环境的耦合作用加剧,并直接影响到了列车的运行品质和安全性. 在高速列车发展初期,研究关注的是如何保证高速列车能高速、平稳和安全运行. 随着运行速度的提高,系统间耦合加强, 服役模拟也越来越受到重视. 而今天,高速列车的服役模拟、健康管理与故障预警成为研究热点,掌握系统全局动态行为、了解微观局部振动是车辆系统动力学研究的方向.本文以高速列车服役模拟为需求, 提出基于循环变量法的长编组列车建模与计算方法,实现任意列车编组的仿真, 得到不同编组位置车辆的服役状态;提出滑移窗口的轨道建模与车线耦合计算方法,得到列车在任意长线路上运行的服役状态; 提出基于时变参数的长期服役计算方法,实现列车在不同服役状态与服役时间的服役模拟. 因此, 基于本文提出的模拟方法,能够实现列车在不同寿命阶段的服役模拟, 而且还可以应用于高速磁浮列车,甚至未来超高速真空管道磁浮列车.      

高速水射流与凝聚炸药相互作用的数值模拟

 利用LS-DYNA3D软件并采用Lagrange算法，对500 m/s的高速水射流与凝聚炸药的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟；对不同时刻凝聚炸药中的压力分布以及不同径向、轴向处的压力历史进行了分析；确定了所选凝聚炸药的声速。数值模拟的结果与理论分析的结果之间具有很好的一致性。模拟结果表明，在高速水射流与凝聚炸药相互作用的过程中，凝聚炸药药柱截面上的压力随径向距离的增加而降低；药柱中的最大压力出现在水射流头部附近或水射流头部的前方。     

一个新型的水下实况微光高速电视记录系统

介绍了一个新型的水下实况微光高速电视记录系统在船上或岸上使用该系统的控制系统,可对该系统的水下成像系统进行远程控制,并通过该水下成像系统得到水下运动目标的水下常速电视图像、水下高速电视图像和水下微光高速电视图像该系统的工作水深可达水下50m.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) benzoic acid]

Poly[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) benzoic acid] was prepared by the bulk polycondensation of 4-(4-acetoxyphenoxy) benzoic acid. Polycondensation was conducted at 350°C for 3 h under a reduced pressure of 0.1 mmHg and gave a polymer with X?n of 255. The polymer was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray measurement. The crystal/nematic and nematic/isotropic phase transition temperatures of polymer, which depend on the molecular weight, were observed at about 300°C and 410°C, respectively. The polymers with low molecular weights showed nematic textures above 300°C. This nematic/isotropic phase transition temperature is lower than that of poly (4-hydroxybenzoic acid). This thermal behavior of polymer comes from ether units, which increase the flexibility (the rotation or torsion of skeletal bonds) of the polymer chain. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The calculation of the density field from axisymmetric schlieren interferograms by the image processing techniques

The schlieren interferograms used to be analyzed in a qualitative way. In this paper, by means of the powerful computational ability and the large memory of computer; the image processing method is investigated for the digitalization of an axisymmetric schlieren interferogram and the determination of the density field. This method includes the 2-D low-pass filtering, the thinning of interferometric fringes, the extraction of physical information and the numerical integration of the density field. The image processing results show that the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of the schlieren interferogram can be improved and a lot of time can be saved in dealing with optical experimental results. Therefore, the algorithm used here is useful and efficient.     

水基型光学高速精磨冷却液的化学作用

本文介绍的是以丙三醇－三乙醇胺－水与基本组份，并添加适量的硫酸铝钾盐，ＥＤＴＡ二钠盐为澄清、沉淀剂的水基型光学玻璃高速精磨冷却液的化学作用，它不仅冷却、清洗和润滑性能好，且具有良好的化学作用；不仅对金刚石磨具的“自锐”性能好，且能保持冷却液和磨具表面清洁，为此，进一步提高了冷却液和磨具的使用性能和使用寿命，以及光学玻璃零件加工的效率和表面质量。     

弱激波冲击无膜重气柱和气帘界面的实验研究

研制了一个改进的激波管设备,对马赫数为1.2的弱激波冲击作用下空气中SF6气柱和气帘界面的演变过程进行了初步的实验研究。通过设计激波管实验段、烟雾发生器、气体箱、进气吸气系统和激波管尾段,控制混合气体中SF6的峰值浓度和初始气流速度,建立了稳定、可重复的无膜气柱和气帘初始界面形成技术。利用高速摄影技术,在水平面内观测了气柱和气帘的初始界面图像,沿垂直方向观测了界面RM(Richtmyer-Meshkov)不稳定性的演变过程。气柱演变图像显示了典型的对涡结构,气帘演变图像显示了早期的多蘑菇形结构和后期的相邻波长干扰效应。图像后处理表明,气柱的高度和宽度、气帘的宽度均随时间单调增加,且宽度比高度增加快得多。从二维涡量动力学方程出发,对图像中涡的演变过程进行了初步解释。     

偏振态的高速实时测量方法的研究

偏振态的测量在光通信领域有着重要的作用,因此越来越受到人们的关注。在分析现有方案的基础上,推导出了新的斯托克斯计算公式,以此公式为依据提出了一种能对高速变化的偏振态进行实时测量的新方案,并对可能产生的误差因素进行了分析。给出了制作实用化测量模块所要达到的器件要求和制作工艺。     

Lithium ion induced stabilization of the liquid crystalline DNA

A comparative study of the effects of alkali metal ions Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+) on the liquid crystalline organization of high-molecular-weight calf thymus DNA using polarized light microscopy was performed. Major differences in the behavior of Li(+) as compared to the other ions were found. Critical DNA concentration expected to exhibit anisotropic behavior was found to be the same for all the monovalent ions, except for Li(+). DNA initially showed cholesteric textures, which later changed to higher ordered columnar phase for all ions, with the cholesteric-columnar transition facilitated upon increasing the size of the counterion. For Li(+) ion, a nematic schlieren-like texture was formed initially, which after a few days changed to a highly stable (for more than 2 months) biphasic cholesteric-columnar arrangement. The observed differences between Li(+) and other alkali metal ions could be rationalized on the basis of the higher number of hydration water molecules of Li(+) and its complexation behavior. Highly stable DNA mesophases may find applications in the field of nanoelectronics, in designing biosensing units, and in DNA chips.     

45钢柱壳膨胀断裂的应变率效应

采用前照明高速分幅照相技术拍摄到在爆轰加载下45钢柱壳表面裂纹生成、扩展及产物泄漏过程的清晰图像,较准确地测量了膨胀断裂的时间与应变。 45钢柱壳在炸药爆轰加载下,断裂应变随应变率的增加而增加,当应变率达到一定值,断裂应变随应变率的增加而降低,出现了动态断裂中的塑性峰现象。